Protein Synthesis Flashcard

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be added during protein synthesis.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are twenty different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

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What is a silent substitution mutation?

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A silent substitution mutation is a type of mutation where a single nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Front

What is the significance of the DNA code AAG AGG?

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The DNA code AAG AGG translates into the amino acids Lysine and Arginine, which are essential for protein synthesis.

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What is an addition mutation?

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An addition mutation is a type of mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, potentially altering the resulting protein.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the codon on mRNA.

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are nitrogenous bases?

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Nitrogenous bases are the building blocks of nucleotides in DNA and RNA. The four bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, which may or may not affect the amino acid sequence.

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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

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The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.