Trophic Levels in Ecosystems

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Health of the Biosphere

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Measured by biodiversity

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Number of Species

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More species lead to more energy paths and ecosystem resilience

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Example of Genetic Diversity

Back

Farmers grow one variety of corn when many are available

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Biotic Pyramids

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Biotic pyramids illustrate the energy flow in ecosystems, showing a smaller mass of consumers than producers.

Front

Consumer Mass

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There is a smaller mass of secondary consumers compared to primary consumers.

Front

Few top-level carnivores because little energy left for them.

Back

The Rule of Ten explains that there are few top-level carnivores due to limited energy availability.

Front

Producers in the energy pyramid

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Producers form the base of the energy pyramid, capturing solar energy for the ecosystem.

Front

Columbia River Estuary

Back

A marshland area where fresh and salt water mix.

Front

Productive Ecosystems

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Include estuaries, swamps, marshes, and rainforests.

Front

Herbicides and pesticides

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Herbicides and pesticides are used in agriculture to enhance crop production.