Classical and Operant Conditioning (pt. 1)

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What is extinction in classical conditioning?

Back

Extinction occurs when a conditioned response (like salivating to a bell) decreases or disappears after the conditioned stimulus (the bell) is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (food).

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What is positive reinforcement?

Back

Positive reinforcement is the addition of a desired stimulus after a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. For example, giving a dog a treat for sitting.

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What is positive punishment?

Back

Positive punishment involves adding an unwanted stimulus after a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. For example, scolding a child for misbehaving.

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Who is Ivan Pavlov and what did he study?

Back

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist known for his work in classical conditioning, particularly through his experiments with dogs, where he demonstrated how a neutral stimulus can become associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

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What is a Skinner box?

Back

A Skinner box, also known as an operant chamber, is a controlled environment used to study animal behavior, particularly operant conditioning, where animals can be rewarded or punished for their actions.

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What is classical conditioning?

Back

Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, leading to a learned response. It was famously demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments with dogs.

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What is operant conditioning?

Back

Operant conditioning is a learning process where behaviors are modified through reinforcement or punishment, influencing the likelihood of those behaviors being repeated.

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What is spontaneous recovery?

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Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction, indicating that the learned behavior is not completely forgotten.

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What is generalization in classical conditioning?

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Generalization occurs when a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus, not just the original stimulus.

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What is discrimination in classical conditioning?

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Discrimination is the ability to distinguish between different stimuli, responding only to the specific conditioned stimulus and not to similar stimuli.