Unit 4 Exam Review

Front

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed the idea of a _____ between people and their rulers.

Back

social contract

Answer explanation

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduced the concept of a social contract, which outlines the agreement between individuals and their rulers regarding governance and societal order.

Front

Revolution in South America spread from Buenos Aires to Chile and Peru under the leadership of

Back

José de San Martín.

Answer explanation

José de San Martín was a key leader in the South American revolutions, leading the fight for independence in Argentina, Chile, and Peru, thus spreading the revolutionary movement from Buenos Aires.

Front

American leaders called for the replacement of the Articles of Confederation because it made the central government too weak.

Back

made the central government too weak.

Answer explanation

American leaders sought to replace the Articles of Confederation because it made the central government too weak, lacking the power to effectively govern and address national issues.

Front

The Glorious Revolution led to the establishment of Europe's first constitutional monarchy—a system of government in which

Back

the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution.

Answer explanation

The Glorious Revolution established a constitutional monarchy where the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution, ensuring that governance is based on laws rather than absolute rule.

Front

In the late 18th century, the French government faced financial troubles partly as a result of the cost of helping with the American Revolution.

Back

the cost of helping with the American Revolution.

Answer explanation

The French government faced financial troubles due to the significant costs incurred from supporting the American Revolution, which strained its resources and contributed to its fiscal crisis.

Front

Why was the Battle of Saratoga particularly significant in the American Revolution?

Back

It persuaded the French to provide active help.

Answer explanation

The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American Revolution as it convinced France to support the American cause with military aid, significantly boosting the colonists' chances of victory.

Front

In France before the French Revolution, the Third Estate or commoner class, included: nobles, clergy members, merchants, only women and children.

Back

merchants.

Answer explanation

The Third Estate comprised commoners, including merchants, who were vital to the economy. Nobles and clergy belonged to the First and Second Estates, respectively, and thus were not part of the Third Estate.

Front

Adopted in 1804, the Napoleonic Code was a law code that _____ in France.

Back

upheld the equality of citizens

Answer explanation

The Napoleonic Code was significant for upholding the equality of citizens before the law, abolishing feudal privileges, and promoting legal uniformity, which contrasts with restoring noble privileges or establishing absolute power.

Front

In declaring themselves to be a National Assembly, members of the Estates-General

Back

claimed that they had the authority to govern France.

Answer explanation

By declaring themselves a National Assembly, the members of the Estates-General asserted their authority to govern France, challenging the king's power and marking a pivotal moment in the French Revolution.

Front

As a direct result of the Boston Tea Party, the British

Back

closed the port of Boston to punish the colony.

Answer explanation

As a direct result of the Boston Tea Party, the British closed the port of Boston to punish the colony, implementing the Intolerable Acts to assert control and deter further protests.