Chapter 3 Biology (Miller and Levine)

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How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next when consumers feed on the organisms in the level below them?

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10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next.

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What is a limiting resource?

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A limiting resource is something that is in short supply in the environment, which slows the growth of a population.

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What are primary producers?

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Primary producers are organisms that make their own food, such as algae and plants.

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What is nitrogen fixation?

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Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting free nitrogen in the atmosphere into a usable form for organisms.

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What are autotrophs?

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Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food.

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What are heterotrophs?

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Heterotrophs are organisms that eat other organisms to gain energy.

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What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

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Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

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What is a food chain?

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A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

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What is a food web?

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A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

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What is the significance of the 10% rule in ecology?

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The 10% rule states that only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next level.

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