Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template to assemble amino acids.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

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An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What are codons?

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Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What are anticodons?

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Sequences of three nucleotides in tRNA that are complementary to the codons in mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding mRNA codons.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the significance of the stop codon?

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Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the polypeptide chain is complete.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.