Periodic Trends

Front

What are periodic trends?

Back

Periodic trends are patterns in the properties of elements that are observed across periods and groups in the periodic table, such as electronegativity, atomic radius, and ionization energy.

Front

Define electronegativity.

Back

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond, typically measured on the Pauling scale.

Front

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Back

Fluorine (F) has the highest electronegativity of all elements.

Front

What is the trend of electronegativity across a period?

Back

Electronegativity increases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

What is the trend of electronegativity down a group?

Back

Electronegativity decreases down a group due to increased distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons.

Front

Define atomic radius.

Back

Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Front

What is the trend of atomic radius across a period?

Back

Atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right due to increased nuclear charge pulling electrons closer.

Front

What is the trend of atomic radius down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases down a group due to the addition of electron shells.

Front

Define ionization energy.

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

What is the trend of ionization energy across a period?

Back

Ionization energy increases across a period from left to right due to increased nuclear charge.