BIO 103 Ch. 9- 11

Front

What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, encompassing the processes of transcription and translation.

Front

What are Transgenic Organisms?

Back

Transgenic Organisms are organisms that have been genetically modified to contain foreign genes, often used in research and agriculture.

Front

How does a stop codon function in translation termination?

Back

A stop codon signals a release factor protein to bind to the ribosome, catalyzing the release of the polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as the template for translating genetic information into proteins during the process of translation.

Front

What is the function of rRNA?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes, facilitating the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Front

Define transcription in the context of molecular biology.

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of Chargaff's rule?

Back

Chargaff's rule states that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) equals thymine (T) and the amount of cytosine (C) equals guanine (G), which is crucial for understanding DNA structure.

Front

What are restriction enzymes and their function?

Back

Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic engineering and molecular cloning.

Front

Explain the process of translation in protein synthesis.

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains, using tRNA to bring in the appropriate amino acids.