AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events, leading to a cellular response.

Front

What are secondary messengers in cell signaling?

Back

Molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, often amplifying the signal.

Front

What is density-dependent inhibition?

Back

A regulatory mechanism that functions to keep cells from dividing excessively; cells stop dividing when they become crowded.

Front

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Back

Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.

Front

What is interphase?

Back

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell spends most of its time, preparing for division by growing and replicating DNA.

Front

What role do membrane proteins play in the cell cycle?

Back

They are involved in density-dependent inhibition, helping to regulate cell division based on cell density.

Front

What happens during the reception step of cell signaling?

Back

The target cell detects a signaling molecule (ligand) that binds to a receptor protein on its surface.

Front

What is the function of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Back

They attach to chromosomes and help separate sister chromatids during anaphase.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

Back

It is the first phase of interphase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

Front

What is the role of kinetochores in cell division?

Back

Protein structures on the chromosome that attach to spindle fibers and help pull sister chromatids apart.