AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.7: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Front

What is the M checkpoint?

Back

The M checkpoint is a regulatory point in the cell cycle that ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell proceeds to anaphase.

Front

In which phase of the cell cycle is the M checkpoint located?

Back

The M checkpoint is located in the Metaphase.

Front

What does the G2 checkpoint verify?

Back

The G2 checkpoint verifies that DNA has been accurately replicated and is free of errors before the cell enters mitosis.

Front

What stimulates progression from the G2 checkpoint?

Back

Progression from the G2 checkpoint is stimulated when cyclin levels rise to a specific level to bind with cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs).

Front

What are proto-oncogenes?

Back

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes due to mutations or increased expression, leading to uncontrolled cell division.

Front

True or False: Proto-oncogenes can mutate into oncogenes.

Back

True.

Front

What is the function of the M checkpoint?

Back

The function of the M checkpoint is to check that all chromosomes are properly attached to the kinetochores and that the DNA is undamaged before the cell divides.

Front

What happens if errors are detected at the G2 checkpoint?

Back

If errors are detected at the G2 checkpoint, the cell cycle is halted to allow for repair or, if the damage is irreparable, the cell may undergo apoptosis.

Front

What role do cyclins play in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs) when they reach specific levels.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The G1 checkpoint assesses the cell's size, nutrients, and DNA integrity before allowing the cell to proceed to DNA synthesis (S phase).