AP Psychology Learning Practice

Front

Which of the following is the best example of shaping? A child receives five dollars each time he cleans his room., An employee receives a termination notice after coming to work late every day over a period of three months, A child gets candy from a dispenser one time but gets nothing from the dispenser the next two times., A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday., A rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage.

Back

A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday.

Front

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when:

Back

the tone only is presented.

Front

In the scenario where Susie says “goodbye” and slams the door, causing her husband to flinch, hearing the word “goodbye” is the

Back

conditioned stimulus

Front

What is the most reasonable prediction about Emiko’s cat’s meowing for food given her feeding strategy? Options: It will disappear due to extinction, It will decrease overall but not extinguish., It will remain unchanged due to a continuous schedule of reinforcement., It will increase due to a variable schedule of reinforcement., It will increase due to positive punishment.

Back

It will increase due to a variable schedule of reinforcement.

Front

Because studies of learning show that events occurring close together in time are easier to associate than those occurring at widely different times, parents should probably avoid which of the following? Corporal punishment, Mild punishment, Consistent punishment, Inescapable punishment, Delay of punishment

Back

Delay of punishment

Front

An individual’s fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening situations is referred to by behaviorists as a fear that has been

Back

extinguished (extinction)

Front

For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)? Options: The CR occurs after the CS but does not occur after other stimuli., The CR occurs after a stimulus that is similar to the CS, The CS and the UCS are repeatedly paired, and the CR gains strength., The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength., When the CR loses strength, a rest period is given, after which the CS again elicits the CR.

Back

The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength.

Front

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was

Back

both an unconditioned and a conditioned response

Front

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when: responses have no effect on the environment, young organisms fail to imprint at the critical period, a response is reinforced independently, reinforcement occurs on an intermittent schedule, an organism receives negative reinforcement

Back

responses have no effect on the environment

Front

Which of the following is the best example of a learning predisposition (Preparedness)? Options: Pigeons can be trained to play tic-tac-toe, Cats become quicker at escaping out of boxes with practice., A chimpanzee suddenly realizes it can use a stick to retrieve an out-of-reach banana., Rewarding a person for a behavior leads to an increase in that behavior., It is easier to condition a person to be fearful of rats than of cars.

Back

It is easier to condition a person to be fearful of rats than of cars.