AP Biology: Unit 4 Review Revised 4/30/21

Front

What is a common final response in a signal transduction pathway?

Back

Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence.

Front

What effect does a mutation in a cell membrane receptor have on a signal transduction pathway?

Back

It would most likely reduce the response of the pathway.

Front

What are plasmodesmata?

Back

Junctions in the cell wall of plant cells that allow for the exchange of small soluble compounds with neighboring cells.

Front

What is the result of mitosis?

Back

2 identical diploid cells.

Front

What evidence supports the idea that cell communication has evolved over billions of years?

Back

The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell responds to substances outside its membrane through a series of molecular events.

Front

What role do G-protein receptors play in cell signaling?

Back

They act as molecular switches that transmit signals from outside the cell to the inside.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A series of chemical reactions during cell signaling where one enzyme phosphorylates another, leading to a chain reaction.

Front

What are gap junctions?

Back

Specialized intercellular connections that allow direct communication between adjacent cells.

Front

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Back

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set.