History Flashcard

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What document, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king and established basic political rights?

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The Magna Carta is a foundational document in English history that established the principle that everyone, including the king, is subject to the law.

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What are religious ceremonies believed to confer grace and aid in salvation?

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Sacraments are sacred rites recognized as of particular importance and significance in Christianity, such as baptism and communion.

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Who was the French heroine that led her country to victories against English forces?

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Joan of Arc was a peasant girl who became a national heroine of France for her role in the Hundred Years' War.

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What term refers to bishops and priests under the pope's authority?

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Clergy refers to the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.

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The movement of the papacy from Rome to which city greatly reduced the Church's authority?

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Avignon is the city where the papacy resided from 1309 to 1377, leading to a decline in the Church's influence in Rome.

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What is the significance of the English Bill of Rights?

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The English Bill of Rights, enacted in 1689, limited the powers of the monarchy and outlined the rights of Parliament and the rights of individuals.

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What was the purpose of the Petition of Right?

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The Petition of Right, passed in 1628, aimed to limit the king's power by prohibiting arbitrary imprisonment and the imposition of taxes without Parliament's consent.

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Who was Catherine de' Medici?

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Catherine de' Medici was a powerful queen consort of France who played a significant role in the politics of the French Wars of Religion.

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What is a synod?

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A synod is an assembly of church officials and theologians convened to discuss and decide on church matters.

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What role did Marie Antoinette play in French history?

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Marie Antoinette was the last queen of France before the French Revolution, often criticized for her extravagant lifestyle.