Unit 4: Gene Expression Review

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in gene expression?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the structure of RNA?

Back

RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid made up of ribonucleotides, which include a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame and altering the entire amino acid sequence downstream.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What type of sugar is found in RNA?

Back

RNA contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, facilitating the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a building block of proteins, consisting of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group.