Study Design

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What is a blocking design in experiments?

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A blocking design is a method used in experiments where subjects are divided into groups (blocks) based on a certain characteristic (e.g., gender) to control for that variable's effect on the outcome.

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What is a response variable (RV)?

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A response variable (RV) is the outcome or effect that is measured in an experiment, which is influenced by the independent variable.

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What is the difference between a population and a sample?

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A population includes all members of a specified group, while a sample is a subset of the population selected for analysis.

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What is a simple random sample?

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A simple random sample is a sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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What is the main advantage of experiments over observational studies?

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Experiments can usually provide better evidence of causation because they allow for controlled conditions and manipulation of variables.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a research method where the researcher observes and records behavior without manipulating any variables.

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What is confounding in research?

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Confounding occurs when an outside variable influences both the independent and dependent variables, potentially leading to incorrect conclusions.

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What is a treatment group in an experiment?

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A treatment group is the group of subjects that receives the treatment or intervention being tested in an experiment.

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What is a control group in an experiment?

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A control group is the group of subjects that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure the effects of the treatment.

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What is random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment is the process of randomly allocating subjects to different groups in an experiment to ensure each group is similar at the start.