Pax Romana: The Roman Peace

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What was the Pax Romana?

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A 200-year period in Roman history associated with little conflict or invasions, stability, and economic prosperity from 27 BCE-180 CE.

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Who ushered in the Pax Romana?

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Gaius Octavian, Julius Caesar’s grandnephew, who assumed the title of Augustus after defeating Mark Antony in 31 BCE.

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What form of government did Augustus establish?

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Augustus established the Principate, combining elements from the Republic with the traditional power of a monarchy.

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What title did Augustus proclaim for himself?

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Augustus proclaimed himself Princeps, or the First Senator, to appease the other senators.

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What were some of Augustus's contributions to the Roman Empire?

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Augustus established a civil service, a uniform Rule of Law, introduced a common currency, and secured travel and trade throughout the empire.

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How did the invention of concrete impact the Roman Empire during the Pax Romana?

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Concrete was used as a building material, leading to a boom in construction and improved infrastructure, including roads.

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What was the impact of improved infrastructure on trade during the Pax Romana?

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Safer travel and expanded infrastructure made trade easier, increasing wealth and economic growth throughout the empire.

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How did the Pax Romana affect Roman culture and arts?

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Roman culture spread along trade routes, with a boom in arts, creativity, and the production of mosaics, statues, and paintings.

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What was a major flaw in the Roman Empire under the Principate?

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The lack of written laws for the transfer of power, leading to potential succession crises or civil wars.

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When did the Pax Romana end and why?

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The Pax Romana ended in 180 CE with the death of Marcus Aurelius, the last of the 'Five Good Emperors.'