UIL Science Level 1 Jack

Front

What is the process of replicating a DNA template strand?

Back

The process of replicating a DNA template strand involves creating a complementary strand by pairing nucleotides according to base pairing rules (A with T, C with G). For example, the replication of the template strand 3’-CAGGTTCAAG-5’ results in the complementary strand 5’-GTCCAAGTTC-3’.

Front

Define homozygous in genetics.

Back

An organism is homozygous for a trait if it inherits two identical alleles for that trait, such as AA or aa.

Front

What is translation in the context of genetics?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of codons in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to generate a specific amino acid sequence, forming a protein.

Front

What is the phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross with heterozygous parents?

Back

The phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross (e.g., AaBb x AaBb) is 9:3:3:1.

Front

How many atoms are in one mole of C6H14?

Back

One mole of C6H14 contains 1.204 × 10^25 atoms, calculated by multiplying the number of molecules (6.02 x 10^23) by the number of atoms in each molecule (20 atoms).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

Explain the significance of the mole in chemistry.

Back

The mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents 6.02 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.), allowing chemists to count quantities of substances.

Front

What is a dihybrid cross?

Back

A dihybrid cross is a genetic cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits, typically involving two genes.

Front

Define allele in genetics.

Back

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits. For example, the gene for flower color may have a purple allele and a white allele.

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as a template for protein synthesis, carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.