AP Biology Unit 4 Exam

Front

What is an intracellular receptor?

Back

A type of receptor located within the cytoplasm or nucleus that binds to ligands that can cross the cell membrane.

Front

What is synaptic signaling?

Back

A form of communication that involves neurotransmitters released from neurons to transmit signals across synapses to target cells.

Front

What is the role of cyclin-CDK complexes in the cell cycle?

Back

They regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that control key transitions.

Front

What are gap junctions?

Back

Specialized intercellular connections that allow direct communication between adjacent cells through the exchange of ions and small molecules.

Front

What is interphase?

Back

The longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A form of cell communication where signaling molecules affect nearby target cells within the same tissue.

Front

What is endocrine signaling?

Back

A type of long-distance communication where hormones are released into the bloodstream to target distant cells.

Front

What is the function of GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors)?

Back

They are a large family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways.

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

A programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells in a controlled manner.

Front

What is the M phase of the cell cycle?

Back

The phase where cell division occurs, including mitosis and cytokinesis.