Thinking and Problem Solving

Front

An idea that represents a class, category, object, event, or activity is

Back

Concept

Front

Which method of problem solving is fast but not too accurate? Options: Algorithm, Trial and error, Schema, Heuristic

Back

Heuristic

Front

If someone fails to think about using an object outside its intended use is called

Back

Functional fixedness

Front

Experts in a given field prefer heuristics to algorithms because heuristics:

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Often save time

Front

A problem solving strategy that often includes a formula and guarantees an answer to the problem is a(n)

Back

Algorithm

Front

Which of the following is an example of the use of heuristics? Options: Trying every possible combination of letters when unscrambling a word, Considering each possible move when playing chess, Using the formula “area=length x width” to find the area of a rectangle, Playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you

Back

Playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you

Front

When Joe arrives at the library, he can choose from any of several strategies that might help him find the book he needs. He could examine all the books on every shelf, and be certain that he would eventually find the book he wants, but this strategy would take too long. Joe decides instead to ask a librarian to direct him to the appropriate section of the library. Joe is using

Back

a heuristic

Front

Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening? Accommodation, Object permanence, Conservation, A mental set, Divergent thinking

Back

A mental set

Front

Mikayla, a high school student strongly opposed to video game use, is researching the topic for a speech she will deliver to her English class. Rather than searching for “the effects of video games,” Mikayla searches for “the dangers of video games” and finds hundreds of Web sites with information she can use to argue her position. Her behavior is an example of

Back

Confirmation Bias

Front

People respond more favorably when they are faced with a 95 percent success rate than with a 5 percent failure rate because of

Back

framing