Semester A review Flashcard

Front

What is the basic unit of life?

Back

Cells are the basic unit of life, serving as the building blocks for all living organisms.

Front

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, replication of the DNA occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell.

Front

Do all cells come from pre-existing cells?

Back

True. This principle is part of the cell theory, which states that all cells arise from existing cells.

Front

What does the prefix 'chemo' mean in biological terms?

Back

The prefix 'chemo' means 'chemical', as seen in terms like 'chemosynthesis', which refers to the process of converting chemical energy into food.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

What is photosynthesis?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are more complex.

Front

What is the purpose of the mitotic spindle?

Back

The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.