AP PSYCH 2.1a

Front

a cognitive mechanism that allows people to focus on specific sensory information while ignoring other sensory input

Back

Selective attention

Answer explanation

Through selective attention, our awareness focuses, like a flashlight beam on a minute aspect of all that we experience. Our consciousness focuses on but one thing at a time.

Front

The phenomenon where your ability to attend to only one voice when there are many people talking around you. ( It is an example of selective attention.)

Back

The cocktail party effect

Answer explanation

The cocktail party effect refers to your ability to attend to only one voice when there are many people talking around you. In this case, the two friends could hear each other despite the noise because of the cocktail party effect.  

Front

A perceptual set is...

Back

a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that affects top-down

Answer explanation

Front

Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere...

Back

inattentional blindness

Answer explanation

Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice a fully-visible, but unexpected object because attention was engaged on another task, event, or object.

For example, when your attention is focused on counting how many passes are made.

This phenomenon is related to but distinct from other failures of visual awareness such as change blindness, repetition blindness, visual masking, and the attentional blink.

Front

Which of the two is an example of top-down processing? Options: If you see the chair you have stubbed your toe on before and you avoid it to make sure it does not happen again., Learning a new word for the first time, without any previous reference points for that new word.

Back

If you see the chair you have stubbed your toe on before and you avoid it to make sure it does not happen again.

Answer explanation

Top-Down processing is information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.

Front

A school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole. It suggests that humans perceive objects as elements of more complex systems.

Back

Gestalt Psychology

Answer explanation

Front

Which one out of the two describes bottom-up processing?

Back

Learning a new word for the first time, without any previous reference points for that new word.

Answer explanation

enables your sensory systems to detect the lines, angles, and colors that form the images

Front

Which of the following is an example of context effects? a person selecting a black bike of a different design when placed next to two similar silver bikes, regardless of whether the black bike has inferior qualities.

Back

a person selecting a black bike of a different design when placed next to two similar silver bikes, regardless of whether the black bike has inferior qualities.

Answer explanation

Context effects is a part of Cognitive Psychology that states that the context that surrounds an event effects how an event is perceived and remembered

Front

Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness.

Back

Change-blindness

Answer explanation

Front

Thanks to ________, we group nearby figures together. (objects that are close together are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group)

Back

Proximity