Genetics Study Guide

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous?

Back

An organism is heterozygous if it has two different alleles for a particular gene, such as 'Yy'.

Front

What does it mean if an organism is homozygous?

Back

An organism is homozygous if it has two identical alleles for a particular gene, such as 'YY' or 'yy'.

Front

What is the dominant allele?

Back

The dominant allele is the version of a gene that is expressed in the phenotype when at least one copy is present.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Front

What is the recessive allele?

Back

The recessive allele is the version of a gene that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present.

Front

What is the genotype?

Back

The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

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Front

What is the phenotype?

Back

The phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Front

How many alleles does each parent contribute to the offspring?

Back

Each parent contributes one allele for each gene to the offspring.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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Front

What is the expected percentage of offspring with brown fur from a homozygous brown mouse and a heterozygous brown mouse?

Back

100% of the offspring will have brown fur.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is the significance of dominant and recessive traits in genetics?

Back

Dominant traits can mask the expression of recessive traits in the phenotype.