MAAP BIOLOGY REVIEW

Front

What is the cell theory?

Back

The cell theory states that: 1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2) The cell is the basic unit of life. 3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Front

Define photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell; they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used as energy by the cell.

Front

Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Back

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria). Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells).

Front

What is natural selection?

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. It is a key mechanism of evolution.

Front

Define ecosystem.

Back

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment, including both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double-stranded and contains the genetic blueprint for an organism, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) is single-stranded and plays a role in protein synthesis.

Front

Explain the process of cellular respiration.

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Front

What is a food chain?

Back

A food chain is a linear sequence that shows how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another in an ecosystem, starting from producers to various levels of consumers.