Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

How many codons are there in the genetic code?

Back

There are 64 codons in the genetic code, which include 61 codons for amino acids and 3 stop codons.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the ribosome should stop adding amino acids.