Imperialism and Related Concepts

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Imperialism

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A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

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Colony

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A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country.

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Protectorate

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A state that is controlled and protected by another.

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Sphere of influence

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A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

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Indirect control

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A system of governance used by colonial powers where local rulers maintain their positions of authority and status.

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Direct control

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A form of colonial management in which the colonizing country directly controls the government and administration of the colony.

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Assimilation

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The process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group.

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Social Darwinism

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The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

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Berlin Conference

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A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules for the colonization of Africa.

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Shaka

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A Zulu chief in Southern Africa who used soldiers and good military organization to create a large centralized state.