Landmark Supreme Court Cases and Amendments

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The case established the Court’s power of judicial review. The Court had the duty of interpreting the law. If the court identifies a law in conflict with the Constitution, the law is invalid.

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Marbury V. Madison

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Ruled schools have the right to control activities they sponsor (pay for) for educational purposes. Rights are LIMITED at school. Options: In Re Gault , Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, Tinker v. Des Moines, Gideon v. Wainwright 

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Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

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Ruled that state governments are required to provide a lawyer to defendants who could not afford one.

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Gideon v. Wainwright

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Ruled that suspects must always be informed of their rights before interrogation. Police must read suspects their “Miranda Rights”

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Miranda v. Arizona

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Ruled that juvenile courts should have different procedures, but due process rights still apply to children.

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In Re Gault

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Ruled that racial segregation did not violate right to “equal protection,” (14th Amendment). Facilities provided to each were “separate but equal.” Segregation strengthened across south.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

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Ruled racially segregated public schools violated “equal protection.” Facilities provided to African-Americans inferior, not equal. First step toward ending racial segregation in South.

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Brown v. Board of Education

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Ruled that “executive privilege” did not justify withholding evidence in a criminal investigation. President is not above the rule of law.

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United States v. Nixon

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What is the significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

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The case established the Court’s power of judicial review.

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What is the significance of the landmark Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

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Racist segregation laws were further strengthened across the South by justifying "separate but equal" was constitutional.