Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, occurring at the ribosome.

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What is tRNA and its function?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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What does the start codon AUG signify?

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AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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What is a stop codon?

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A stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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How many amino acids are there?

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There are 20 standard amino acids that are used to build proteins.

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What is the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins.