2019 & 2015 - Biology EOC - Cell Processes

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing the energy needed for various cellular functions, including active transport and metabolic reactions.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation in terms of energy production?

Back

Aerobic respiration produces significantly more energy (approximately 36-38 ATP molecules) compared to fermentation, which yields only about 2 ATP molecules.

Front

Write the word equation for cellular respiration.

Back

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy (usually from ATP).

Front

What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle?

Back

Autotrophs use carbon dioxide to produce glucose through photosynthesis, playing a crucial role in the carbon cycle.

Front

Define passive transport.

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically occurring along the concentration gradient.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What are ribosomes and their function?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the significance of the contractile vacuole in protists?

Back

The contractile vacuole helps protists regulate water balance by expelling excess liquid, preventing cell lysis.

Front

Explain the process of diffusion.

Back

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.