Unit 3 DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Review 2023

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that shifts the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially leading to a completely different translation of the protein.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

The base pairing rules state that adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) in DNA.

Front

Who is known for the discovery of the base pairing rules?

Back

Erwin Chargaff is known for discovering the base pairing rules in DNA.

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

Front

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is the complementary DNA sequence to TAC GGA ATG CGT?

Back

The complementary DNA sequence is ATG CCT TAC GCA.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that assembles amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, which may or may not affect the protein function.

Front

What is the significance of Rosalind Franklin's work?

Back

Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images of DNA were critical in understanding the double helix structure of DNA.