KE REVIEW~ UNIT 6

Front

What is the process called when chromosome segments from two homologous chromosomes exchange places during cell division?

Back

Crossing over.

Front

What is a mutation that affects the organism's phenotype?

Back

A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially altering its function.

Front

What type of mutation occurs when two nucleotides are deleted from a gene?

Back

Frameshift mutation.

Front

What are the three main processes involved in gene expression?

Back

Transcription, translation, and replication.

Front

What is the role of transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is the role of translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding DNA?

Back

Prokaryotic cells have free-floating DNA, while eukaryotic cells have DNA contained within a nucleus.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic message.

Front

What is the significance of homologous chromosomes in genetic variation?

Back

They allow for crossing over during meiosis, leading to genetic diversity.