Unit 5: DNA/RNA/Proteins/Mutations

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of UGA in protein synthesis?

Back

UGA is one of the stop codons that signals the ribosome to terminate protein synthesis.

Front

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is the relationship between adenine (A) and thymine (T) in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) in DNA, and their amounts are equal in a double-stranded DNA molecule.

Front

What is mRNA and its function?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.

Front

What base replaces thymine (T) in RNA?

Back

In RNA, thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U).

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, with complementary base pairing between adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons in mRNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

Types of mutations include point mutations (single nucleotide changes), insertions, deletions, and frameshift mutations.