Chemistry - Polarity

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•
Chemistry
•
11th - 12th Grade
•
Hard
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15 questions
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is polarity in chemistry?
Back
Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond. A polar molecule has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds that do not cancel out.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What determines if a molecule is polar or nonpolar?
Back
A molecule is polar if it has a net dipole moment, which occurs when there are differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms and an asymmetrical shape. Nonpolar molecules have symmetrical shapes and equal sharing of electrons.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a dipole moment?
Back
A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the electronegativity scale?
Back
The electronegativity scale, developed by Linus Pauling, ranks elements based on their ability to attract electrons in a bond. Higher values indicate a stronger attraction.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How does the shape of a molecule affect its polarity?
Back
The shape of a molecule affects its polarity by determining how the dipole moments of individual bonds add up. Symmetrical shapes often lead to nonpolar molecules, while asymmetrical shapes can lead to polar molecules.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a polar bond?
Back
A polar bond is a type of covalent bond where the electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the significance of lone pairs in determining molecular polarity?
Back
Lone pairs can affect the shape of a molecule and contribute to its overall dipole moment, often making a molecule polar if they are present on the central atom.
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