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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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This law emphasizes the conservation of energy in physical processes.

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The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of energy conservation.

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It highlights that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant.

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The second law of thermodynamics is known as the law of entropy.

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It states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

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The second law of thermodynamics states that energy transfer between trophic levels results in energy loss, often as heat.

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This explains why energy decreases as it moves up the food chain.

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Energy is transferred through ecosystems via food chains, food webs, and trophic levels.

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These concepts illustrate how energy flows through different organisms.

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A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each organism is a source of energy for the next.

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It represents a direct path of energy transfer.

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A food web is a more complex representation of energy flow in an ecosystem.

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It shows how various food chains are interconnected.

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Trophic levels represent the different levels of energy transfer and consumption in an ecosystem.

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They categorize organisms based on their role in the energy flow.

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Only about 10% of energy is passed between trophic levels.

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This is known as the 10% rule in ecology.

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A series of linear steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten is called a food chain.

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It simplifies the complex interactions in an ecosystem.