Chapter 12

Front

Behavior that benefits
another without benefitting
oneself

Back

Altruism

Front

Is planned and purposeful (means to
an end)
• Benefits will outweigh the costs

Back

Proactive Aggression

Front

Occurs spontaneously in response to
a negative affective state
• Occurs even if costs outweigh
the benefits

Back

Reactive Aggression

Front

Tendency for group discussions to focus on
information that all members share

Back

Common Knowledge Effect

Front

Group thoughts that create a collective emotion among the group. (EXAMPLE: Students share among themselves that they dislike the teacher, therefore that group leaves the class that day disliking that teacher more than before they did when they first walked in)

Back

Group Polarization

Front

Occurs when immersion in a group causes people to
become less attentive to their personal values

Back

Deindividuation

Front

Tendency to feel diminished responsibility for
one’s actions when surrounded by others who are acting the same way

Back

Diffusion of Responsibility

Front

Tendency for people to be less likely to help a
stranger in an emergency situation when other bystanders are present

Back

Bystander Effect

Front

Negative attitudes toward people who
belong to specific social group

Back

Prejudice

Front

Negative actions taken toward others
based on common characteristics

Back

Discrimination