16.2 - Cell Structure Flashcard

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

What is a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid is a type of lipid molecule that is a major component of cell membranes, consisting of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) 'head' and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) 'tails'.

Front

What are ribosomes and their role in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What type of cells are eukaryotic?

Back

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, such as animal and plant cells.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

Front

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as the detoxification of certain chemicals.

Front

What are enzymes and their significance in biological processes?

Back

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body, essential for digestion and metabolism.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Front

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.