AP Biology Unit 3: Cell Energetics Exam Review

Front

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Back

A competitive inhibitor is a substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding and thus inhibiting the enzyme's activity.

Front

What is the function of the inner membrane of mitochondria?

Back

The inner membrane contains specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix, which is essential for ATP production.

Front

Where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur in cellular respiration?

Back

The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Front

What is the Calvin cycle?

Back

The Calvin cycle is the phase of photosynthesis that produces organic sugars from carbon dioxide, using ATP and NADPH generated in the light reactions.

Front

What are the main products of the Krebs Cycle?

Back

The main products of the Krebs Cycle are NADH, FADH2, carbon dioxide, and ATP.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.

Front

What is the significance of the hydrogen ion gradient in mitochondria?

Back

The hydrogen ion gradient created by the inner mitochondrial membrane is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.

Front

What are the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Back

The light reactions are the first phase of photosynthesis, occurring in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).

Front

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that transport electrons to the electron transport chain, facilitating ATP production.