Genetics Review

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What is a phenotype?

Back

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is a genotype?

Back

The genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene.

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What does homozygous mean?

Back

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

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What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

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What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

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Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype even when only one allele is present, while recessive traits are only expressed when two copies of the allele are present.

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What is incomplete dominance?

Back

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of the two.

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What is codominance?

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A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that shows both traits.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A diagram used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment, showing the possible genotypes of offspring.

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What is a genotypic ratio?

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The ratio of different genotypes that can result from a genetic cross.

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What is a phenotypic ratio?

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The ratio of different phenotypes that can result from a genetic cross.