Genetics

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What are alleles?

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Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., TT or tt).

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Tt).

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present (e.g., T in Tt).

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What is a recessive allele?

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A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (e.g., tt).

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What is incomplete dominance?

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Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance where the traits of two alleles blend together in the phenotype (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers).

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What is codominance?

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Codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed (e.g., AB blood type).

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

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What is a pedigree chart?

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A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism from one generation to the next.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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What is the purpose of a test cross?

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A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.