Experimental Design (AP Statistics)

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What is an experiment in the context of experimental design?

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An experiment is a study in which treatments are imposed on subjects to observe the effects on a response variable.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a type of study where researchers observe subjects without imposing treatments.

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Define confounding in experimental design.

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Confounding occurs when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.

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What is a blocking design?

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A blocking design is an experimental design that involves dividing subjects into groups (blocks) based on a certain characteristic (e.g., gender) before random assignment to treatment groups.

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What is the purpose of randomization in an experiment?

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The purpose of randomization is to make the treatment groups as similar as possible, reducing bias and confounding.

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What is a completely randomized design?

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In a completely randomized design, treatments are assigned to all experimental units completely by chance.

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What is the difference between a treatment group and a control group?

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A treatment group receives the treatment being tested, while a control group does not receive the treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison.

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What is the role of replication in experimental design?

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Replication involves repeating an experiment multiple times to ensure that the results are consistent and reliable.

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What is a matched pairs design?

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A matched pairs design is an experimental design where subjects are paired based on a certain characteristic, and each pair is assigned to different treatments.

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What is bias in the context of experimental design?

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Bias refers to systematic errors that can lead to incorrect conclusions in an experiment.