Mendelian Genetics Review 24-25

Front

What is the definition of genotype?

Back

The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., GG, Gg, gg).

Front

What is the definition of phenotype?

Back

The phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.

Front

What does homozygous mean?

Back

Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

Front

What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What is the principle of dominance?

Back

The principle of dominance states that in a heterozygous genotype, one allele (dominant) can mask the expression of another allele (recessive).

Front

What is the expected genotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa)?

Back

The expected genotype ratio is 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa.

Front

What is the expected phenotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) if A is dominant?

Back

The expected phenotype ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive.

Front

What is the significance of the capital letter in genetics?

Back

In genetics, a capital letter represents a dominant allele, while a lowercase letter represents a recessive allele.

Front

If a plant with genotype Ww is crossed with a plant with genotype ww, what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

Back

The possible genotypes are 50% Ww and 50% ww.