Unit 5: Central Dogma of Genetics

Front

What is the Central Dogma of Genetics?

Back

The Central Dogma of Genetics describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of transcription and translation.

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

Front

What is RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying genetic information from DNA.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template for protein synthesis, carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.