Protein Synthesis and RNA

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Back

Ribosomal RNA is a type of RNA that makes up the ribosome and catalyzes protein synthesis.

Front

What determines the amino acid sequence in a protein?

Back

The sequence of nitrogen bases on mRNA determines the amino acids of a protein.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process that starts with DNA in the nucleus and ends with mRNA that can leave the nucleus.

Front

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three main types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Front

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Back

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nitrogen bases on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.