Exam 4 Review

Front

What are the spinal levels associated with the lumbar plexus?

Back

L1-L4

Front

What term describes a disproportionate increase in pain response to a stimulus that normally causes pain due to a heightened nervous system?

Back

hyperalgesia

Front

What is the middle (2nd) stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

Back

Cold stage (skin changes because cold, atrophy)

Front

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Front

Which receptor is likely affected if a patient is having difficulty differentiating between hot and cold on their hands?

Back

Thermoreceptors

Front

What is the function of nociceptors?

Back

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the spinal cord and brain, resulting in the perception of pain.

Front

Define allodynia.

Back

Allodynia is a condition where a normally non-painful stimulus is perceived as painful due to a heightened sensitivity of the nervous system.

Front

What are the primary components of the autonomic nervous system?

Back

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which regulate involuntary bodily functions.

Front

What is the role of acetylcholine in the nervous system?

Back

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in transmitting signals in the parasympathetic nervous system and is involved in muscle activation.

Front

What are the stages of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

Back

The stages include: 1) Pre Stage (acute injury, significant pain), 2) Warm Stage (redness, increased temperature, edema), 3) Cold Stage (skin changes, atrophy), 4) Late Stage (significant atrophy, osteoporosis, arthritic changes).