Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving two main steps: transcription and translation.

Front

What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

The process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

What occurs during translation?

Back

The process where the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a protein.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can affect protein synthesis and function.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, which can shift the reading frame.