RNA, Transcription, & Translation Flashcard

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A sequence of bases that code for a protein.

Front

Which type of RNA carries information from DNA to ribosomes?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is responsible for carrying information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome to make a protein.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is rRNA?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nitrogen bases on an mRNA strand that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process of using the mRNA base sequence to create amino acid chains, forming proteins.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA gene.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA?

Back

The three main types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.