AP Bio 4.1-4.5

Front

What is juxtacrine signalling?

Back

A type of cell signaling where cells communicate through direct contact with each other.

Front

What is the role of protein kinases in cell signaling?

Back

Protein kinases activate proteins by transferring a phosphate group to them.

Front

What is the reception stage in cell communication?

Back

The stage where a ligand binds to a receptor, initiating the signaling process.

Front

What do phosphatases do in cellular processes?

Back

Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins, deactivating them.

Front

True or False: All cells have the same response to the same signal.

Back

False. Different cells can respond differently to the same signal.

Front

Define autocrine signaling.

Back

A type of cell signaling where a cell targets itself, releasing signals that bind to its own receptors.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A form of cell signaling where cells communicate with nearby cells through the release of signaling molecules.

Front

What is endocrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where hormones are released into the bloodstream to affect distant target cells.

Front

What is the function of G-proteins in cell signaling?

Back

G-proteins act as molecular switches that relay signals from receptors to target proteins inside the cell.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell converts an external signal into a functional response.