DNA and RNA

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What are ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures found in the cytoplasm that are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

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What is the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds form between complementary nitrogenous bases (adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine) to hold the two strands of DNA together.

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What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two identical DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one new strand.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing a strand of RNA from a DNA template, where the DNA sequence is converted into a complementary RNA sequence.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

Back

The double helix structure of DNA allows for the efficient storage of genetic information and provides a mechanism for replication and repair.

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What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the sequence of mRNA and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain to form a protein.