DNA, Mutations, & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA at the ribosome.

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome, matching them to the coded mRNA sequence.

Front

What are mutations?

Back

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.