Algebra Association and Causation

Front

What is the definition of correlation?

Back

Correlation is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together.

Front

What is causation?

Back

Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of another event; it implies a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Front

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Back

Correlation does not imply causation; two variables can be correlated without one causing the other.

Front

What does a positive correlation indicate?

Back

A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

Front

What does a negative correlation indicate?

Back

A negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Front

What is an example of correlation without causation?

Back

An example is the correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents; both increase in summer, but one does not cause the other.

Front

What is an example of causation?

Back

An example of causation is when a person eats spoiled food and gets sick; the spoiled food caused the illness.

Front

What is an example of a negative correlation?

Back

An example of a negative correlation is the relationship between the number of days absent from school and math average; more absences typically lead to lower averages.

Front

What is an example of a positive correlation?

Back

An example of a positive correlation is the relationship between study time and test scores; more study time usually leads to higher scores.

Front

What does 'no association' mean in statistics?

Back

'No association' means that there is no relationship between two variables; changes in one do not affect the other.