Unit 3 - Design of a Study - Sampling Methods - Bias

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Probability Sample

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A sampling method where each member of the population has a known probability of being included in the sample.

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Random Sample

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A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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Quota Sampling

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A non-probability sampling method where the researcher ensures equal representation of various characteristics in the sample.

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Cluster Sampling

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A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters, and entire clusters are randomly selected for the sample.

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Matched Pairs Design

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An experimental design where subjects are paired based on similar characteristics, and each pair is subjected to different treatments.

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Bias

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A systematic error that leads to an incorrect estimate of the population parameter.

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Census

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A complete enumeration of a population, where every member is surveyed.

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Stratified Sampling

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A sampling method where the population is divided into strata, and random samples are taken from each stratum.

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Nonresponse Bias

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A bias that occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not respond, leading to a non-representative sample.

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Parameter

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A numerical characteristic or measure obtained by using the data values from a specific population.